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China established the Lop Nur Nuclear Test Base on 16 October 1959 with Soviet assistance in selection of the site, with its headquarters at Malan, about 125 km (78 mi) northwest of Qinggir.<br/><br/> The first Chinese nuclear bomb test, codenamed '596', was tested at Lop Nur in 1964. The PRC detonated its first hydrogen bomb on June 17, 1967. Until 1996, 45 nuclear tests were conducted.
Operation Crossroads was a pair of nuclear weapon tests conducted by the United States at Bikini Atoll in mid-1946. They were the first nuclear weapon tests since Trinity in July 1945, and the first detonations of nuclear devices since the atomic bombing of Nagasaki on August 9, 1945.<br/><br/> The purpose of the tests was to investigate the effect of nuclear weapons on warships.